Climate
Hierarchy of Uses for ABP and ECP
Our products are used in a variety of applications, prioritising the highest added value wherever feasible — from edible fats and pharmaceuticals down to energy recovery.

Value Hierarchy
From High to No Added Value
The hierarchy illustrates where the most value is achieved from Animal By-Products (ABP) and Ex-Catering Products (ECP), guiding sustainable and responsible use across industries.
Edible fats & co-products
Highest added value — human food chain
Pharma, feed & pet food
High-value health and nutrition applications
Fertilisers & biofuels
Agricultural and energy recovery uses
Incineration & landfill
Last resort — no added value recovered
Edible Fats and Oils
Our high-grade edible oils and fats are an established and essential part of a healthy human diet. They provide a source of energy, fatty acids and vitamins (A, D, E, K and oleic acid), and may support nutrient utilisation.
Energy Source
Essential dietary energy from quality animal fats
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Fat-soluble vitamins supporting overall health
Oleic Acid
Heart-healthy fatty acid for nutrient utilisation
Lower Carbon Footprint
ABP-derived edible fats have a lower carbon footprint than vegetable-based alternatives such as palm oil from non-sustainable sources — making them a more responsible choice for the planet.
Carbon Footprint Study of ABP Derived Products
Healthy Meat Protein Substitutes from Edible Co-products
Pharmaceutical Products
Carefully segregated by-products from cattle, pig and fish are transformed into pharmaceutical products for medical treatments and dietary supplements for humans.
Heparin
A vital blood thinner used in medical treatments to prevent dangerous clotting.
Glucosamine & Chondroitin
Bone and joint health supplements derived from carefully processed animal by-products.
Hyaluronic Acid
Used in skin health and joint lubrication treatments, sourced from ABP ingredients.
Collagen Peptides
Supports skin, bone and joint health — a growing category in dietary supplements.
Pharmaceutical Applications of ABP Ingredients

Animal Feed & Aquafeed
Animal Feed
Processed Animal Protein (PAP)
PAP can form part of the feed rations of omnivorous and carnivorous animals — as long as there is no intra-species consumption. Category 3 fat is a valued feed ingredient because of its binding, preservative and nutritional properties, contributing to balanced and effective animal nutrition.
Aquafeed
Superior Nutrition for Farmed Fish
PAP is a key ingredient of aquafeed — particularly for commercially grown carnivorous fish like salmon. PAP has better nutritional properties than vegetable proteins for fish and can also substitute for wild-caught fish in feed rations, reducing pressure on marine ecosystems.
PAP Nutritional Studies at Wageningen University
Performance & Welfare Benefits of Non-Ruminant PAP in Animal Feed


Pet Food & Domestic Products
Pet Food
Natural Nutrition for Carnivorous Pets
Raw ABPs, animal fats and PAPs are ideal pet feed ingredients for carnivorous pets such as cats and dogs, providing a natural diet with superb taste and flavour. These ingredients correspond perfectly with the nutritional needs of pet animals and supply essential proteins, fats and minerals.
Domestic Products
Oleochemicals for Everyday Life
Animal fats are used in the manufacture of oleochemicals which are an ingredient for household soaps, detergents and cosmetics. They substitute vegetable fats like palm and coconut oil in these applications, offering a more sustainable and often lower-impact alternative for everyday consumer products.
Organic Fertilisers & Soil Improvers
PAP is commonly used as an agricultural fertiliser, providing plants and crops with readily available nitrogen and phosphorus as well as micro-nutrients that are essential for growth and photosynthesis.
As soil improvers, the organic material helps restore the organic matter in soils, improving soil fertility and water binding capacity — contributing to long-term agricultural sustainability.
Renewable Nitrogen Fertiliser from Process Wastewater
Carbon & Water Footprints of Category 2 MBM Fertiliser
Nitrogen & Phosphorus
Readily available macronutrients essential for healthy plant growth and high crop yields.
Micro-nutrients
Trace elements that support photosynthesis and overall plant health throughout the growing season.
Soil Water Retention
Organic matter improves soil structure, increasing water binding capacity and long-term fertility.
Biofuels & Combustion as Fuel
Animal fats and meat and bone meal (MBM) play an increasingly important role in the renewable energy landscape, displacing fossil fuels across transport and heavy industry.
Biofuels
Biodiesel & Green Aviation Fuel
Animal fats are increasingly used in manufacturing biofuels — including biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) — which supplement primary fossil fuels to create affordable, cleaner energy for road and air transport.
Combustion Fuel
Renewable Fuel for Heavy Industry
Category 1 and 2 meat and bone meal (MBM) and tallow are excluded from return to the food chain but have valuable applications as renewable fuels for high energy users, such as cement works and power stations, replacing fossil fuels and reducing overall carbon emissions.
Biodiesel from Category 1 & 2 Fat
Wärme Lyss Nord District Heating
Read about how EFPRA members are creating a sustainable circular economy
ABP derived products offer a solution to finding more sustainable, highly nutritious animal feeds that can help reduce the carbon footprint of the most intensive stages of the supply chain.
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